Safety composite-color print.



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ULTHH-WOLT VOLET BLUE no. vreet/'oi lllinrren. erntet Patented November 2d, Lil-564i.,

ent-err oolnro'errn-ooton eener. i

Application filed Septeniber l5, 1903. Serial No. 173,359. (No Inodei.)

To MIZ whom it 'ow/y concern:

Be it known thritll, FREDERIC E. lvns. n citizen of the UnitedStates, residing in Weehewlren, New Jersey, have invented certain Improvements in Safety Composite Color Prints, of which the following is n specicef tion.

The object of my invention is to provide such e combination of e distinctive design or picture with e multicolor ground ae wi ll Ineke the reproduction of the former by photomechenicnl. process diiiicuit or impossible.

ln the accompanying drawings, Figi] re l is n diagrammatic representation o-E the solar spectrum. showing the relation thereto ot' colore which may beemployed in carrying out my invention. Fig. 2 is e view of vnri ous elements o' 'e safety' composite-color print mede in accordance with my invention. Fig. 3 is a. View Showing one of the elements of the print differing from the corresponding element shown in Fig. Fig. 4 is un exaggerated lSection of the complete print, and Fig. 5 nview showingsuperposed the various ele* ments of the composite print.

in carryingout my invention l prepare n ground eomprising designs of various bright colors juxtaposed toform n pattern which when viewed from Such e distance that the individuel color; designs are not seperately porcei ved shows n single grey patch of rnediurn h'uninoei'ty.

An eesentinl feature of my invention is the selection `for the printing' of euch e multicolor ground ole useries ot' colors which have separately considerable luminosity, but'which coln lectively absorb all kinds of visible spectrumrnye which nre absorbed by the superposed .distinctive design or picture, so that although the latter is well relieved and clearly delined upon the multicolor ground there is no group ol epectrun1- rnys by which it can benone retely photographed. tion olE euch e Series of colors is shown diegrnrnmnticnlly in Fin. l, in which the Space A to l?. represents the solnr'spectrurn with its Fraunhofer lines, and the heavy horizontal' lines represent the various printing` colors-- nein/ely, white lend, nephthol-yellow, yellowish eosin, rhodernine-pinh, end capri-blue.

The spectrum .bsorfo-4 For the moet perfect protection it is desirable that tho multicolor gronndoverlie n. coa-rte design or suhground orintcd with the white leed or other colorleee materiel, 'which 'xviii-ie invisible tothe sight will be opaque to the ultra-violet rays oi ythe sohnepeclruin.- and hence will atleet the photographic ecntitive plete, and. further, that the distinctive design orjpicture be in n transparent color or treneypnl-ent hlnch.

blue for the ground, `end n. su poi-posed distinctive design printedv in n. mixture of two or more of thc ground colors or their optical equivalent-that is to snyl, n. color having the sanne nhsorptiori-spectrum. Representa. "one ot' these three elemente ot' the print nre shown, reSpectively.ut l, f, end 3 in Fig, il, l. repre- Senting thc sulnground, the ground., end the distinctive design or piotnre,` while 55" in Fig. 3 shown n ground design composed of crossing; mosaic.

A color which is n mixture of two or more or@ the ground colors is preferred for printing the distinctive picture or design to one which eirnply the optical equivalent of Such :nii:M ture, for the reason that chemical treatment whiclrwould ntiect any one or more of 'the lground colors would correspondingly effect such clement of the mixture 'with which the distinctive design Wee printed.

The surface deeien inn f he ene-reved or it .4 Y q l tney be n photograph or other picture having body-.shades and printed in Yeollotyioe orphotogrevure. it ie evident that thin 4principle oi' protection .tney not only he carried out ith e set of ground which collectively nhso'rh ell of ,the risible spectrum. no that hiet-.lt

ornenrly hleelr distinctive design or pitture may he protected, but that it can hecerried out with e series; of ground colors which do not collectively absorb ell kinde ol vnnhie spectrum-rays, provided thntthe rays not eh wn lince instead of e patchwork or .y

sorbed by any of the ground colors are also not absorbed, by the distinctive design or picture superposed thereon. For example, the ground colors may be yellowish eosin, rhodamine-pink, and capri-blue and thedistinctive design or picture a dark blue which is either obtained by or is optically similar to a mixture of the ground colors. In this case the effect at a suiicient distance will be that of a dark-blue design or' picture on a blue-gray ground.

' The juxtaposed patches 'of bright colors which form the ground may either completely cover it without overlapping each other or may to som'e extent overlap one another or may be separated by white spaces, orthe distribution of the colors may be such as to constitute a color design which supplements the darker superposed design,provided that asufiiy In further explanation ot' the protection af- -forded by the combination of a distinctive design or picture with a ground of juxtaposed color-patches in accordance with my invention it may be assumed that the paf'ticolored ground is of two colors, one of which absorbs those spectrum-rays between Fraunhofer lines A and D and the other those between D and E and that the superposed distinctive design is printed in a color which absorbs the spectrum-rays from A to E. The ground colors will in this case appear to the eye as light greenish or peacock blue and bright pink, respectively, and the superposed design a bright true blue. If now an ordinary photograph of this combination is made, the entire surface willl reproduce as white, since the vphotographic action is almost entirely confined to the blue, violet, and ultra-violet rays of the spectrum, which none of the colors named ab sorb. If instead of an ordinary print a photograph is made by the action of the yello W-green rays of the spectrum, which are absorbed both by the pink' brown color and by the true-blue superposed design, both will photograph as black and the integrity of the su perposed design will beA destroyed. If to avoid the interfer'ence caused by the pink elements in the ground the orange or red rays are employed i to make the photograph, then the patches of design, and the integrity of the latter will peacock-blue in the groundnvill photograph vas black, as well as the true-blue superposed again be destroyed. In either case the ground color-patchesrnay photograph darker than the superposed design if the absorption of the latter is weaker, as it may very well be without material alternation of appearance. It' the photograph is made by a mixture .of all of the spectrum-rays between A and E, both of the ground colors may photograph as dark as the superposed design color if the absorption of the latter is weaker; but if not,

and especially it there be white interspaces.

between the ground colors, the darkened and irregular ground of the photograph of the distinctive design can only be suliciently eliminated for the purpose .of photomechanical reproduction by an intensifying process which would choke up the finer lines or destroy the liner gradationsof the design.

It follows that the superposed design, althoughin color visually quite different from either of the ground colors, cannotbe reproduced as a separate print, and in order to reproduce the composite-color print it will be necessary to make one plate of the distinctive design in combination with the peacock-blue color-patches and another plate of the disdistinctive design in combination with the pink color-patches and then print the two in .Y

the respective ground -colorswith such perfection of registry that the double printing of the lines or shadings of the distinctive design wonld not be detected..

Given a distinctive design of suitable 'chari acter and delicacy of denition, its reproduction by double printingwould be impracticable, not only because ot' the diiiiculty of sufficiently-'precise registration, but because even With absolutely-perfect register the two printings would notyield the same character of distinction obtained by three printings in the first instance, and -examination with a simple magnifying-glass would show a very marked dilerence inthe character of the original and of such a photomechanical reproduction even atits best. It should also be understood that by printing the superposed distinctive design' in a color which instead of absorbing the spectrum-rays from A to E absorbs only those between said C and D E, which would 4be a'bright violet or purple instead of a blue, the distinctive design will have exactly, the same kind of protection afforded by the pink and peacock-blue ground colors, with additional protection dueto the Afact that vdouble printing with the ground colors will not reproduce the bright violet or purple color of the distinctive design.' Such a combination 'Y comes within the requirement that the rays not' absorbed by any of the ground colors., are also not absorbed by the distinctivedesign or picture superposed there- -on and also within the requirement that the multicolored ground is composed of a series "of. colors which have separately considerable luminosity, but Whichfcollectively absorb all Weave kinds of color-rays which are absorbed by the superposed design or picture.

The essence of my invention is the use of a distinctive design printed with a di Herent color and having a diiferent andpreferably greater extension of absorption in the spectrum than any of the ground colors, and therefore of adifferent hue from any of said ground colors, but which absorbs no part ofthe spectrum not absorbed by the ground colors taken collectively.

Themostsuccessful application of this principle of protection involves the use ofno less than two ground colors to protecta distinctive design in any bright color and not lless than three to protect a distinctive design in black ora close approximation thereto.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent l. In a safety composite color print, a ground of juxtaposed colors in combination with a' superposed distinctive design or picture printed with a color having a liii'crenthue from any of the ground colors, but absorbing no part of the spectrum which the ground colors, taken collectively, do not also absorb.

2. In a safety composite -color print, a ground of juxtaposed colors, in combination with a superposed distinctive design or picture, printed' with a transparent color having a different hue from any of the ground colors, but absorbing no part of the spectrum which the ground colors, taken collectively, do not also absorb.

3. .In a safety composite color print, a ground of juxtaposed colors in combination with a distinctive designer picture in color which is optically similar to a mixture of two or more of the ground colors'.

4E. In a safety composite color print, a ground of juxtaposed, colors in combination .with a distinctive design or picture in transparent color which is optically similar to a mixture of two or more of the ground colors. 5. In a safety co1npositecolor print, a

ground ot' juxtaposed colors in combination` with a distinctive design or picture in color which is a mixture of two or more of the ground colors. t

6. In a safety composite-color print, a ground of juxtaposed colors in combination with a distinctive design or picture in transparent color which is a mixture of two or more of the ground colors.

7. In a safety compositecolor print, a ground of juxtaposed colors in combination with a distinctive design or picture in color which is optically' similar to a mixture of all of the ground colors. y

8 In a safety composite-color With`a distinctive design or picture in transu parent color which is optically similar to a in color mixture of all of the groundeolors..

9. .in a safety composite-color print,

print, a ground of juxtaposed colors 1n comblnation iti.,

ground of juxtaposed colors, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in color which is a mixture of all of the ground colors.

10. In a safety composite-color print, a ground of juxtaposed colors, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in transparent color which is a mixture of ail of the ground colors. v

11. In a safety composite-color print, a distinctive design or picture in a darli color or black on a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all kinds lof visible spectrum-rays.

12. In a safety composite-coior print, a distinctive design or picture in a transparent dark color or black on a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all kinds of visible spectrum-rays.

13. In a safety composite-color print, a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb ail ofthe visible spectrum-rays, in coml bination with a distinctive design or picture in color of a different hue from the ground colors, but having a spectrum which comprises that of one or more of the ground colors. v

1 4. In. a safety composite-color print, a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb ail of the visible spectrum-rays, in' combination with a distinctive design or picture in transparent color of a different hue from the ground colors, but having a spectrumv which comprises thatof onc or more of the ground colors.

l15. In a safety composite-color print, a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all of the visible spectrum-rays, in combination with a distinctive design or picture incolor which is optically similar to a mix ture of two or more of the ground colors.

16. In a safety composite-color print, a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all of the visible spectrum-rays, incombination with a distinctive design or picture in transparent color which is optically similar I to a mixture of two or more of the ground colors.

17. In a safety composite-color print, a

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ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively f absorb ali ofthe visible spectrunrrays, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in color which is a mixture of two or more of the ground colors.

18. In a safety composite-color print, a ground ofjuxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all of the visible spectr11m-rays,in combination with a distinctive design or picture in transparent color which is a mixture of two or more of the ground colors.

19.' In a safety composite-coior Aprint, a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively f ,absorb all of the visible spectrum-rays, in coinbination with a distinctive design or picture which is optically similar to a mixture ofalLof the ground colors.

l l4 20. In a safety cornposite-color print, a

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ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all ofthe visible spectrum-rays, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in transparent color `which is optically similar to a mixture of all of the ground colors.

21. In a safety composite-color print, a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all of the visible spectrum-rays,- in combination with a distinctive design or picture in color which is a mixture of all ofthe ground colors.

22. In a safety composite-color print, a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all of the visible spectrum-rays, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in transparent color which is a mixture of all of the ground colors.

23. In a safety composite-color print, a subground design in white or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and a ground of juxtaposed colors, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in color of a different hue from the groundcolors, but having a. spectrum which comprises that of one or more of the ground colors.

24. In a safety composite-color print, a subground design in white or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and a ground of juxtaposed colors, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in transparent color of a different hue from the ground colors, but having a spectrum which comprises that of one or more of the ground colors.

25. In a safety composite-color print, a subground design in white or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and a ground of juxtaposed colors, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in color which is optically similar to a mixture of two lor more of the ground colors.

26. In a safety composite-color print, a subground design in White or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and a ground of juxtaposed colors, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in transparent 4color which is optically similar to a mixture of two or more of the ground colors.

27. In a safety composite-color print, a subground design in white or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and a ground of juxtaposed colors, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in color which is a mixture of two or more of the ground colors.

28. In a safety composito `color print, a subground design in white or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and a ground of juxtaposed colors, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in transparent colgor which is a mixture of two or more of the ground colors.

29. In a safety composite-color print, a subground design in white or colorless material Waarzo opaque to ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and a ground of juxtaposed colors, in combination with adistinctive design or picture in color which is optically similar to a mixture of all of the ground colors.

30. In a safety composite-color print, a subground design in white or colorless material opaque toultra-violet spectrum-rays, and a ground of juxtaposed colors, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in transparent color which is optically similar to a mixture of all of the ground colors.

' 3l. In a safety composite-color print, a subground design in white or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and a ground of juxtaposed colors, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in color- Which is a mixture of all of the ground colors. 32. In a safety composite-color print, asub-v ground design in white or colorless material opaque to ultraviolet spectrum-rays, anda ground of juxtaposed colors, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in transparent color which is a mixture of all of the ground colors. f 33. In a safety composite-color print, a subground design in white or colorless material opaque tol ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and a distinctive design or picture in dark color or black on a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all of the visible spectrumrays.

34. In a safetycomposite-color print, a subground in white or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and adistinctive design or picture in transparent dark color or black, on a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all of the visible spectrum-- rays. y

35. In a safety composite-color print, a subground in White or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrum-rays; and a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all of the visible spectrum-rays, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in color of a different hue from the ground colors, but having a spectrum which comprises that of one or more of the ground colors.

36. In a safety composite-color print, a subground in white or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrumways, and a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb al1 of the visible spectrum-rays, in combination .vith'adistinctive design or picture in transparent color of a diffe-rent hue from the ground colors, but having a spectrum which comprises that of one or more of the ground colors.

37. In a safety composite-color print, a sub ground design in White or colorless material opaque tc ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all of the visible spectrum-rays, in combination with a distinctive design or pic- ICO ture in color which is optically similar to a' mixture oi' two or more of the ground colors.

38. vln a safety composite-color print, a subground design in White or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectruIii-raysu and a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all of the visible spcctrumnays, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in transparent color which is optically similar to a mixture of two'or more of the grou-nd colors.

' 39. In a safety composite-color print, a subground design in White or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and a ground oi juxtaposed colors which collectively absorbiall ol the visible spectrum-rays, in combination with a distinctive design or pioture in color which is a mixture of two or more of the ground colors.

Ll0. In a safety composite-color print, a subground design in white or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all of the visible spectrum-rays, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in transparent color which is a mixture .of two or more of the ground colors.

41. vln a safety composite-color print, a su b- ,ground design inwhite or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrumrays,` and a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all oi' the visible spectrum-rays, in combination with a distinctive design or pic ture in color which is optically similiar to a mixture of all of the ground colors.

42. in a safety composite-color print, a sublground design. in White or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and' a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all oi the visible spectrnn'i-rays, in combination with al distinctive design or picture in transparent color which is optically similar to a mixturon.l all ofthe ground colora In a safety composite-color print, a subground design in white or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and a ground of j uxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all oi' the visible spectriiln-i'ays, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in color which is a mixture of all of the ground colors.

44. ln a safety composite-color print, a subground design in white or colorless material opaque to ultra-violet spectrum-rays, and a ground of juxtaposed colors which collectively absorb all of t ie visible spectrum-rays, in combination with a distinctive design or picture in transparent color which is a mixture of all of the ground colors.

In testimony whorcoll have signed my naine to this specilication in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

l FREDERIC IVES. Vifitness'es:

WILL. A. BARR, Jos. H. KLniN. 

